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VOUR WATER FUTUR OUR
SAN DIEGO CHAPTER,CALIFORNIA LANDSCAPE CONTRACTORSASSOCIATION
WATER REGION'S SUPPLY OF SAN AND THE STATUS FUTURE THE DIEOO
ATERisthelandscaping industry's most commodity. It is precious San Diego'smost precious too. The memcommodity, bersof the SanDiegoChapter of the CaliforniaLandAssociascapeContractors tion, Iike all San Diegans, as must beas informed posdoes water.Where sible about it comefrom now? Where znill it come from in thefuthe ture?How daes SanDi' ego region use the water it of has? Whatkinds conseraaare tion measures beingprouse? In this each posed for specialpublication,CLCA the to hasattempted answer about most basicquestions in an understandable water manner. With the t'acts, er A CLC memb s candoa betemclients, terjobeducating water use decision ployees, and makers themedia. As you can seefrom the the graphon this page, water s ofdrought shoragesin time t the will become watershortagesin normalyearsby the year2010if waterconseraaand tion, reclamation other are of newsources supply not broughton line. What will SanDiegodo? Turn the page to finil out the options.
Demand water vs. supply water Diego Region San 1990 with compared 2010
(in acre feet)*
E +oo
IF tnn
e3 5+
Status- 1990
c, ct C'E
N-f ct 6t
II
ct ct
Crt (rit
r.r i.
U
o
-200 -400
Projected Status- 2010
ffiDemand
Demand is the projected demand for water without allowing for reduction due to conservationprograms,
fiDependable Supply
This is the water that will be available on averageduring a repeat of the previous u'orst six year drought period of 7928water is 1934. This alsoassumes shared equitably in Southern California and that the water agencies'efforts to improve It supplies aren't successful. is hopedtherewill beother sources of water available in the future, but at present,all aredependent upon funding approval, future planning, the resolution of environmental concerns and other factors. However, even dependablesupplies can diminish with future contamination, Iegal decisions, and regulatory actions.
ffiNormat YearExcess or Shortage
This is the difference between supply and demand during normal yearsin both 1990and 2010.
lNormal
Supply
Water supplies availablewhen precipitation is normal and supplies have not been drawn down from droughts in previous years.
lOry YearExcess or Shortnge
This is the difference between supply and demand for dry years (dependable supply) in both 1990and 2010.
*AcreFoot
gallons, An acrefoot is 325,851 the amount used by two average families in one year. It would approximately cover a football field to a depth of one foot.
Irily 1-9931
-
WATER THE DIEOO TO SAN OF REOION SUPPLIES CONFIRMED
Diego San Region Supply Water ByCategory1990 2010 in and
798,000
llt
700,000
ffiffiffionthispageshowSan
Diego's confirmed sources of waterdecreasing? Won't local precipitation stay constant? Yes.the authorities assume Won't thereat so. least etheminimalr eclamab tion aaailable now? In all likelihoodtherewill be this amountand perhaps more. The confirmedsuppliesare e shrinking becaus theamount of confirmed supplies aaailablefrom the Metropolitan Water District will be reduceddue to increased demand for ColoradoRiaer suppliesfrom Neaadaand Arizona.
S qnn
F
WG-
ffi
hydoesthegraph
568,000 518,000
i aoo
U
E soo
Normal Year Supply
1990 2010 Dry Year(Dependable Supply)
lReclamation
At present,only 8,000acre feet of reclaimed water is added to the San Diego region's water supply annually.
to QtMWn Supplies CWA
In1990MWDdelivered670,000 Colorado River. Although acre feet of water to the San supply from the State Water Diego County Water AuthorProject is expected to remain ity. lvtwD supplies normally essentiallyconstant,bytheyear account for 90 percent of the 2010, demand for water from water used in San Diego the ColoradoRiver from users County. Additional supplies in Arizona and Nevada will (75,000acre feet) were avail- decrease amount available the able, but the capacity of the toCalifomiato6l6,000acrefeet. pipelines to bring this addiInaddition,thenumbersfor tional water to SanDiego does dependable supply from the not exist. State Water Project were not Pipeline projectsscheduled met during the recentdrought. to be completed in 1994 and Because the state'sDrought of l996willeliminatebottlenecks. EmergencyWater Bank, addiUnfortunately, by the time tional water was found to these bottlenecks are elimisupplement most of the supnated,SanDiegowillbeeligible plies that were expectedto be forlesswaterbecauseColorado availableduringeventheworst River supplies to MWD are drought conditions but were scheduledto be reduced. not during the recentdrought. MWD obtains its water from As a result, theseestimatesmay the StateWater Projectand the be optimistic.
ffiLocal Rainfall
What is the San Diego County Water Authority 6DCWA)?
SDCWA is the largest single member agency of the MWD. SDCWA has 23 member agencies,supplying water to most of SanDiego County. It is govemed by a 34 member Board of Directors. The Authority was established as a public agenry in 1,944 to import water for wholesaling to its member agencies,ensuring that county residentswill have a safe, reliable source of water. The SDCWA encompasses907,006 acresand supplies water to 2.5 million San Diego County residents. 2 luly 1993 San Diego can depend upon 25,000acre feet of water from local precipitationbasedon the worst six year period in the region's recordedhistory (1928 to 1934).Normal year precipitation yields an average of acre feet. 60,000
California Landscape Contractors Association, Diego San
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WATER METROPOLITAN DISTRICT THE UNDERSTANDINO
rlr ueatedbyaaoteof ;*fu heMetropolitanWaterDistrict tnas of passage a bill by the in the people L928, follozaing tr watu for cities proaide supplemental to Californinlegislature plain. Themissionof on and communities thesouthcoastal andreliable adequate areawith seraice MWD istoproaideits suppliesof high quality water to meetpresentand future responsible and in needs an enaironmentally economically morethan two billion gallonsof water way.MWD deliaers in ttshich, public agencies member per day to trnentysersen turn, sen)eapproximately300 cities and unincorporated Boardof member by MWD is goaerned a 51communities. agencies. the Directorswho represent member
With the exceptionof local precipitation and any water made available through reclamation projects, San Diego buys all of its water from the Metropolitan Water District (MWD). This accounts for approximately ninety percentof allSan Diego water at present. MWD is a wholesaler that provides water to much of the Southern California region. MWD obtains its water from two primary sources:the Colorado River and the StateWater Project which diverts water from the Sacramento Sanjoaquin River delta and sendsit south via the California Aqueduct. The San Diego region's share of this water can be best understood The first through two scenarios. is that MWD's mission is to provide its service area (much of Southern California, including most of SanDiego County) with adequate and reliable supplies of high quality water to meet present and fufure needs in an environmentally and economically responsibleway. If there is plenty of water available to the MWD from the State Water Projectand the Colorado River, SanDiego will get what it needs. That has historically been MWD's policy. The secondscenario is based on the premise that if there is a drought, or if demand exceeds supply for some other reason/ then San Diego will suffer shortages roughly in proportion to the overall shortage of MWD's supply. SanDego's shareof the water is basedon the SanDiego region's historic purchasesas a percentageof MWD's total deliveries. It should be recognizedthat although MWD receives aPproximately sixty percent(60%) of its water from the StateWater Projectand forty percent(407o) from the Colorado River, a higher proportion of the water distributed to SanDiego comes from the Colorado River because of the proximity of SanDiego to the Colorado River water distribution system.This is why San Diego's water is higher in salinity than Los Angelesareawater which is primarily comprisedof water from northern California.
t0MWD water sources
Dependable 1990 2t10 Normalvs. and /
q
2.15
/ tl
1.79
1.76
F El
|:
U
1990
Normal Year SuPPIY
201,0
Supply Dry Year(Dependable)
Wstate WaterProject
The StateWater Project supplies MWD with a dependable(dry year) supply of 1.2million acre feet of water annually basedupon the worst six yearperiod in thestate'srecordedhistory (19281934).Normal year supply is a little over 1.5 million acrefeet.
SColorailo Rioer
The Colorado River supplies MWD with a deacre feet pendable (dry year) supply of 616,000 of water annually. Normal year supplies are currently 1.2 million acre feet, but will drop to 616,000acre feet as higher priority users in California, Arizona and Nevadautilize their full allotment of Colorado River water.
luly 19933
SUPPLY OF NEW POTENTIAL SOURCES
for of New Potential SourcesWater the CalithroughoutSanDiego,Southetn ateragencies 2010 by Region theYear Dlego San close the for fornin and thestateare looking waysto 740 dewatersupplyand increased gap eaer-widening between mand that facesthe stateand San Diego. Other areasin 120 in supplies additionto the alternate haae California Southern suchas Riaerand theStateWaterProiect- sources Colorado the system'For example, aqueduct or groundwater another t water LosAngelesAqueductfeedsL.A.'s urban areawith Er o supplies . ' Valley SanDiegohasno alternate theOznens from U F50 opportunities additionalwater to Thereare serteral for State are these additional among lncluded to come SanDiego. EAn Water Project u:ater madeaaailablethrough systemimthrough Riaer water madeaaailable Colorado prooements, with arrangements irrigation districtsin theImperial, Palo of ion, alley Verde and CoachellaV s, Iocal reclamat recoaery Ground Desalination Colorado Water State (includingthat made watertransfers groundwater, degraded Water River T'ransfers WaterReclamalion legislation), Recovery theCentralValleythrough Project aaailable federal from and waterdesalination theuseof gray waterwhich localsea A demand othersupplies. numberof these would reduce for theywill GRAYWATER before haaehurdlesto oaercome sources projected DESATINATION WATER SEA hurdlesinclude .Those supply part become of thedependable Graywater is defined as Desalination has been used for cost. and,of course, issues, politics,enaironmental
untreated drain water from showers,bathDistrict and other Programs are clotheswashers, and bathroom sinks.Legistubs expected to come on-line in RIVER COLORADO lation approved in lluly, 1992, is to coming years.MWD's goal permits theuse of graywater for Since operation of the Central increasethe dependablesuPPlY all new and existing single famArizona Project began in 1985, of Colorado River Water bY 0. ily homes.California Plumbing acre 450,000 feetbYtheYear201 MWD has been able to utilize Code regulations are being deunused and surplus Colorado This will be achieved bY agreeveloped by the Department of ments for funding agricultural River water to augment its dewhich draw on Water Resources pendable supply. With increas- water conservation Projects, of the experience the sixCaliforpaying to line earthen canals ing diversions by Arizona and nia counties and other cities that Nevada,the Bureauof Reclama- with concreteand PaYingfarmhave permitted graywater use ers to leave land fallow. The retion may not Permit MWD to during the past three years.San maining aqueduct caPacitY divert Colorado River water uP Diego County is one of the would be availablefor diverting to the capacityof its aqueductin counties where graywater use surplus water, water banked in the future. MWD projectsa dehas been permitted. Graywater pendable supply of Colorado reservoirs,or water unused for can only be used on landscapes. River Water in 1995of 616,000 irrigation by California higher acrefeet for use by all of South- priority users or Arizona or ernCalifornia. Already a 20,000 Nevada. San Diego's share of this water is based on the San acretwo-year pilot land fallowDiego region's historic Puring program with the PaloVerde of project is unIrrigation District chasesas a percentage(28Vo) This derway. A water conservation MWD's total deliveries. amount is estimated at 725,000 project is being implemented with the Imperial Irrigation acrefeet annually. decadesin coastal areas of the world where there is no fresh water supply. The technologY exists but it is costlY.Not onlY does ocean water have to be purified, but once it has been made potable, there are significant energy coststo PumPing it upstream from the coastalareas where it would be Produced. Desalinationwill likelY be used to a limited degreein SanDiego coastal areaswith limited suPply alternatives. San Diego's South Bay is such an area and has been proposed as a desalination site for just this reason. As much as three Percent of the area's current water needs may be met if a desalination plant in the South BaYbecomes a reality, bringing over 20,000 acrefeet into the SDCWA's distribution system.
a lulyL993
San Association, Diego Fru Contractors CalifomiaLandscape
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NEW POTENTIAL SOURCES OF SUPPLY
6. Local Water Storage
THE WATER PROJECT STATE
In April 1992,Governor PeteWilson announced a comprehensive policy calling for a number of actionswhich could ultimately bring water water to the SanDiego Region.If all of theseactionswere to be completed,an additional 450,000 acrefeetof water would become availableto MWD. Between100,000 and 150,000 acrefeet would be a direct result of theseimprovementsin StateWater Projectfacilities. With the facilities in place,another300,000 acrefeet might be found (see section to follow). These changes through water transfers would result in anadditional126,000acrefeetin dependablesupply for San Diego. Approximately 42,000 acre feet would come from facilities changesand another 84,000acre feet would come from water transfers.
The SanDiego region lacks sufficient storageto meet its emergenry needs in the event of a failure of the aqueduct system which brings water to the area. New local water storage must be found to remedy this. The Authority is examining surface storage sites, along with the development of conjunctive groundwater storage and improvement of existing facilities to meet the area's emergency storageneeds.
7. Adilitional Transfer Facilities
Outsideof the twenty yearscope limited by this document,plans are in the works to again address the question of how to bring Northern California water south through the State Water Projectwhich bypasses delta. the The Governor's poliry statement called for a comprehensivesolution to be developed which would bring an unknown amount of additional water to MWD and to SanDiego.
1. FisheriesProtection
Measuresto protect fisherieswill have to be improved so the pumps don't have to be shut down asfrequently asin the past. Concerns for several delta fish species, including winter run salmon and the delta smelt, make this action even more critical. If any of the species found in the delta needs to be placed on the threatenedor endangered species list, all bets could be off for additional supply to the south until compatible solutions can be found.
months. This activity will require additional storage. Los Banos GrandesReservoiris a proposed 1.73million acre foot facility in Northern California capableof water for use storing this excess later in the year by water agencies. If fisheries protection and other environmental roadblocks can be hurdled, construction would not be completed until after the year 2000.
WATER TRANSFERS
The phrase"water transfers" is a genericterm for the various means of moving water from one use,usually agricultural, to another use, usually urban. One example of this is water banking, a concept introduced during the drought years of 1991and 1992.Using this concept,the government purchaseswater not being used by those with rights to water and banks it for later purchaseby thoseexperiencing a shortfall. Water banking showed positive results in 1,991 and 1992, hasyet to be testedon a long term basis.Expertsat the but DiegoCountyWaterAuthority feelit will play an important role San in alleviating future shortages. Certain facetsof law adopted long ago impeded the transfer of water betweenwilling urban buyers and agricultural sellers.These laws give agricultural interestscontrol of betweeneighty and eightyfivepercentof California'sdevelopedwatersupply.Watermarketing advocateswant to seethose laws easedor abolished so that water can move between voluntary buyers and sellers.Rural water advocatesclaim California agricultural areaswould sustain adverse economicimpactsif water transfersgaineda foothold. Water experts say that if five percent of the state's water was transferred from agricultural use to urban use, the cities'water shortageswould be solved.MWD and other urban water suppliers havesetthis transfer amount as a goal. Federal law passedrr.1992 requires 800,000 acre feet of water from the huge Central Valley Projectto be used for environmental pu{posessuch asrestoring streamflows. In addition, the legislation allows, for the first time, some of the Central Valley Project water used by agriculture to be transferred to willing buyers in the cities under certain conditions. It is unclear how much water urban areas will receivebecauseof this legislation. A new coalition of northern and southern urban politicans is improving the prospect for State transfer legislation. Still, water transfersmust come into widespread use before this can be considered a dependablesourceof water for San Diego.
4. Kern Water Bank
The Kern Water Bank is a combination of groundwater storage programs in Kern County. Similar to Los Banos Grandes water from the Reservoir, excess Delta would be stored for later use by water agencies.
2. South Delta Facilities
Levees in the southern Sacramento delta must be reinforced and widened so the levees can withstand erosion during winter rains and accommodateincreasedflows to the pumps that export water to the south.
oir 5. D omenigoni Resent
Domenigoni Reservoir is an MWD off-stream storagereservoir which will be located in Riverside County. The reservoir, now under design and estimated to becompletedby theyear 1999, will enableMWD to store additional water when it is available and to better manage its supplies from both the SWPand the Colorado River.
3. Los Banos GrandesResentoir
Once the delta improvements have been made and fisheries protection concernshave been addressed, Harvey O. Banks the Delta Pumping Plant will be able to pump excess precipitation and runoff from the delta. This usually occurs during the winter
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Catilornia Landscape Contractors Association, Diego San
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luly L9935
SUPPLY OF NEW POTENTIAL SOURCES
RECTAMATION WATER
Reclamationis collectingand treating wastewater to make it usable again.Reclaimedwater must be cleanenough to swim in but is not considered clean enough to drink. The San Diego County Water acrefeet of reclaimedwater Authority expectsproduction of 50,000 By by the year 201.0. producing non-potablereclaimedwater for use on landscaping, potable (drinkable) water is freed for other uses, and total supplies are increased.The Water Authority's hopes for water reclamationare linked to the goalsof the City of San increased Diego's CleanWater Program.The City oncehad a goal of reclaimacre feet annually and distributing 70,000acre feet to ing 140,000 users to displace potable water. However, in June 1992,the San DiegoCity Council insteadapproved a systemcapableof reclaiming acrefeet, acrefeet a year. Approximately half of that, 16,500 33,000 and other non-potableuses' for use on landscapes will be available Theexcesswaterwillbedischargedtothesea.Proposedreclamation projects by other member agencieswill provide the additional supplies included in the SDCWA's goal. ter District, the HelixWater District and the City of Poway are also planning distribution systems. While reclaimed water may help to alleviateSanDiego's until plans and water shortages, funding are firmly ilr place for additional treatment and distribution systems,this sourcecannot be considereda dependable supply in the region's planning Process. Diego's potablewater reservoirs. A three year study is currentlY in progressto analyzethe health effects of using highlY-treated reclaimed water for Potable purposes.Objectionsto this ultimate reuseof reclaimedwater are based on fears of utilizing water that has carried human waste,chemicalsand other contaminants. It is interesting to note,thought, that the Colorado River water and the water from the Sacramento-SanJoaquin Delta that currently suPPliesthe majority of San Diego's water contains some treated waste water effluent from uPstream cities such as Las Vegas and Sacramento,In particular, concerns exist that vimses cannot be easily removed from reclaimed water. If these Pathogensand other contaminantscan be removed, the existing water distribution system could be used. To reclaim water onlY for landscaping and other non-Potable uses, an exPensive and duplicative water transmission systemhasto be constructed.A Direct Potable Reuse Committeehasbeenformed bYthe state's Department of Health Services and Department of Water Resourcesto investigate the associated risks of reclaiming waste water to potable qualitY.
I
CleanWater Act
l' SewageTimetable
The Clean Water Program was originally adopted by the CitY of San Diego to meet federallY imposedtime tablesfor imProving the city's seweragesystem At whileexpanding its caPacitY. Water Prothe time the Clean gram was conceived,Plans for reclaiming a portion of San Diego'swastewater were incorporated into the Program to provide a supplemental source of water to the City. A two Phase water reclamation Program resulted. A Phase One reclamation plant will be constructedin North City between 1'992 and Two additional plants,one 2003. eachin Mission ValleYand OtaY Valley will be constructed in Phase Two between 2003 and 2050.
additional connectionfees,rates, and by issues bonds. These bonds will be rePaYedbY rates paid by reclaimed water users. Reclaimedwater serviceto major userswill begin in 1997.Major users are defined as those with an annual non-potabledemand of twelve acre feet or greater' Landscapeirrigation will be the greatesttype of usef or reclaimed water. Servicewill be extended to incidental users (less than twelve acre feet of demand) in proximity to the major PiPelines and as demand, Pricing structures and funding Permit.
In addition, the City of San Diego is aggressively attemPting to changethe federal CleanWater Act in order to avoid upgrading its sewagetreatment Plans to the secondarylevel.If the City is successful,changesmay occur in the incentives,timetables and mechanisms for funding water reclamation under the Clean Water Program.
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ReclaimingWaste Water to Potable
Reclaiming waste water to Potable standards is a sensitive Yet,accordingto the citY subject. of San Diego's experts,potable reclaimedwater that could meet San Diego County health standards can be produced for between $800and $900an acrefoot plus the cost of moving that water to one or more of San
1 Distribution
The planning, financing and implementationof the reclaimed water distribution facilities is the responsibility of local water purveyors. The CitY of San Diego was to have comPleted a and detailed market assessment distribution master Plan in the Other districts, infall of '1992. cluding the OtaYWater District, the Padre Dam MuniciPal Wa-
RECOVERY CROUNDWATER
Recoveryof groundwater that is not potable becauseof mineral content is encouraged under MWD's Groundwater Recovery Program. This program could recover as much as 15,000acre feet per year in the San Diego region. Desalinationof brackish groundwater is more cost effective than desalination of sea waterbecausethe salt contentis only five percent of that found in the ocean. The CitY of Oceansideis pioneering a Program in SanDiego bY desalting 2,000acrefeet per year from the Mission Groundwater Basin. MWD is providing financial assistance for this and all other groundwater recovery Projects. luly L9936
I
CleanWaterPtogram
The City plans to sPend aPproximately$1.5billion(in 1992 dollars) on the CleanWaterProgram. The distribution system will be separately financed bY
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San Association, Diego Contractors Catifonia tnndscape
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Agiculture
'19.1%
Residential Toilets
12.8%
Industry, GoaernmentIndoor Use Commercial,
121% ccmeccccccc{
Region San Diego
AComprehensive Overview
To understand where water is used so it can be saved, this graph was designedto createa big picture of San Diego region water use.Somepopularforms of educatingthepublicshow how water is used by users such as commercial,residential,agricultural. Another popular format shows residential use by category(i.e.:residential irrigation, showers, toilets, car washing, etc.).This graph combines the two formats to create a broad overview of water use.
Residential Showers and Baths
8.6Y0 trtr'trtr'tr.trtrtr',T
Landscape lrrigation, Sinxle Famila Homes
ResidentialLaundry
84Yo trtrtrffff.fftrtrT 7.5Y0 ccccSccf
Industry, GooernmentOutdoor Use* Commercial,
water inthe use
Landscape Inigation, Multi-F amily Unit
Residential Faucet Use - Cooking and Cleaning
s8% trtrtrtrtrffi 48% cccce
Publi c L andscape ltig ati on
Distribution System Lo sses**
7Vo Total SanDiego of Water Use 7% of Total SanDiego Water Use (irrigation related)
3.6% trFff 3.4Y0 cccf
1.6Y0 c€
Other Residential Outdoor Use
Resi denti al D i shw ashing
1.6Y0 cf;
*Includes non-irrigation activities **Defined as leakage,evaporation and seepage
7 luly 19.93
Association, Diego fLu San California ktndscape Contractors
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If all the potential new sources of supply are realized (seebar graph on page 4), then San Diego will have an additional deacre pendablesupply of 329,000 the 202,000acte feet to offset foot shortfallcurrently projected during years of normal rainfall (seebar graph on Page1). As a result, there will be no shortage e ve n wit hout c on s e rv a ti o n through 2010in yearsof normal precipitation. Even in a worst casedry year, SanDiego would only suffer a 5,000acre foot deficit if these Projections are additional true.However,these water maYnot be of quantities entirely available during a severe drought. Severe drought allowed the conditions in 7991. deliver onlY 30 State Project to percent of requesteddeliveries, making alternate sources critical to a reliable water suPPlYfor San Diego CountY. Aren't Guaranteed Supplies is Noneofthosesources guaranif theY do teed, however, and not comeonline, SanDiegowill face shortagesof twenty two percent (229il during times of normal supply and shortfalls of thirty sevenpercent(37%)during yearsof drought.To comPare thosefigures with the recentsix year drought, the shortfall was twenty percent(20%) and this was one of the worst droughts of the century. Without anY adSanDiditional water suPPlies, ego will be in worse shaPeduring timesof normal PreciPitation thanit was durby theyear2010 drought. ing the 1.988-L992 t Best Managemen Prncti ces To whatever degree Potential new sources of suPPlY do not make up the difference, water conservation will - either bY
B lnly 1993
CONSERVATION FOR NEED WATER THE in emergenmandatedcutbacks INOENERAL cies or by imPlementation in CONSERVATION
advanceof what the authorities call "Best Management Practices" (BMPs). BMPs include such activities as retrofitting with low homesand businesses fixtures and aPflow plumbing TheYaredistinguished pliances. taken during a from measures drought which often require temporary life-stYlechanges. ation Effort Consero 16.57o a MWD is projecting 16.5Percent conservation effort for Southern California in the Year in 2010relativeto Practices the ImPlementabaseyear of 1980. bY the San Diego tion of BMP's County Water AuthoritY are expected to result in 71,000acre feet of permanent conservation levels. from 1990conservation Oaerall Conseraation of To seehow imPlementation the communitY, BMPswill affect one must look at how water rs used. With this in mind, water as usewascategorized shownin the graph on Page 7 and the analysis that follows it on Page must be 9. Eachof thesesectors in a different waY if approached is conservation to be achieved. E v e n l a n d s c a P e i rri gati on' which , uses somewhere between18and 26%of SanDiego's water, has four different components for which conservation programs must be designed separately. way to help meet San Water conservationis a cost-effective present practicesat Long termconservation waterneeds. Diego's require people to adopt life-style are designedso they don't replacing of .hanger.A greatdeal dependenceisbeingplacedon suchas showerheadsand toiletsihat limit devices mechanical the flow of water no matterwho usesthem.
s Ordinance I Lanclscape
Boththe City of SanDiegoand SanDiegoCounty and many of the other citiesin San Diego County have adopted.landscape of that regulate,among other things,key elements ordinances law towateruse.As of JanuyY'1,1993.,.state landscapingrelate; ordinancein required local jurisdictionsto have a landscape in A8325,passed the why itwas unnecessary. placeortodeclare also directed that a fall of 1990,made that requirementand *J", *u,", efficientlunir.up" ordinancefor local jurisdictions be developed-ln those cities and counties where no was made,the model was adoptedor no declaration ordinance law' A keyelementin the becume lo.al ordinanceby ordinance of the model ordinanceis the establishment a water budget for can This budgetingprocess reducewater useby as landscapes. the professionals *,rci u, forty perceniwhilegiving landscape fjfi:-:choosetheplantstousewithoutcreatingrestrictive
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ct an w ater Distri ", "tit like MWD, in conjunctionwithmemberagencies, theSanDiego
County Water Authority, and local water Purveyorsare currently providing incentivesencouraginginstallafionof water They are funding large turf water audits' efficienttechnology. which, among ot"herthings, include recommendations for irrigation systemimprovements. In addition to this funding' tlurr" and will continueto provide funding for studiesto ,t "y and plant materials' improve irrigation technologies
f LandscapeTechnologY
Still, thosesameauthoritiescontend that even efficientwater by technologycan wastewater if operated someone landscape water conservwho doesn'tknow how to utilize the systemin a get extremely ing manner. As a result, when water lunpliel of certain types of irrigation arebelieved short, ifiolute cutoffs tactic' to be the bestconservation
I Life-style Changes
tlmitlng useof toilets,short showers' in Changes life-styleti.'e..
e'ih "'[h'sa'f Hl'Jil;l ;i:1,*: :J;l#1ffi "l#";:ffi
Cnlifornia LattdscnpeContractors Associstiort, San Diego
AND WATER CONSERVATION CURRENT USAOE PLANNED
Commercial, re oll.owinga: ,r,16.10/o Industry anit W '. l* tnffteen cateSorrcs I Gozternment ol Gooernment Indoor llt Indoor Llse ". F
waterusage shownon the preoious page,Iisted the by percentage San Diego of region water each conAIso proaided a is sumes. des iption ofgoa cr ernment plansfor water conseraation.
Pricing structures to encourage savings through conservation will be put in place,but the primary focus has been the development of a program of commercial and industrial audits by the San Diego County Water Authority. SDCWA began meeting with major business groups in Apit,1,991,to explain conservationmeasuresthat are available.
I Goaernment Outdoor l[se I Local,regional,stateand fedWater reclamation is projected forlargeareasof landscapeirrigation (12 acre feet per year). The State's Model Landscape ordinancewillsetstandardsfor designforthose citiesand counI | I I I eral government agencies are conducting water audits of all RnUti. landscape irrigation to determine where water savings canoccur.
Plumbing retrofit programs are being developed by the Water Authority for governmental and insititutional users.
Distribution tiesthat havenot incorporated lAAtZ, standardsintogovernmentcod"r. -' - System Losses lSNi
Continual monitoring and maintenance to correct avoidable leakage, evaporation and seepagelosses. A formal leak detection program is planned.
= ffil% Agrrcurrure rn gen^Asic\tturl N
eral is consideredto be nearly at maximum efficienry. To verify water is being applied at mafmum effi cienry, water audits are availablethrough the SanDiego County Water Authority (SDCWA). The major component of conservationin the fu ture will come from loss of agricul-
ffi$.7% tf"o lii'J,X',,,, :uK!3^tron I K^".* advises
#5% --"*r-'
Launilry
Conservation education is continuing in the media. Free low-flow showerheads are availablein certainareas.Home people to do full loads in their washing machines.
Residentiar
| 4r.Ao/^OtherResidentinl
WaYt "":::; "::'::; People washing cars at home
have *o"ll1:: buirders been
install low flow showerheads lmg7, '- Itigation lWsince1980.
Landscape
_
Multi-Family Unit
and spa and swimming pool owners are askedto adopt conservative water use practicesto avoid runoff and evaporation losses.
il::f:il" ffil':il:I*e'2, :j::l !::o'"",'
farmerstored,r."ptunt"aur;; | Agricultural water use i, ""- | from 128,000 pected decline to |
of acre feet (1'9.1'% total county I use in 1991)to 120,000 acre feet I (15%oftotalcountyusein2010).I
Water reclamation is expected for large areas of landscape irrigation (1,2 acre feet or more Yf:tn::' ^.- - Family Homes annually). In any city or county Single where the state's model water Pricingstructuresarebeingdeveloped to encourage savings efficient landscapeordinance is through conservation' Conser- adopted, landscapeaudits will be required. vation education continues to
w6% Dishzoashing
Conservationconsistsof advising people to do full loads in their dishwashersand to be prudent in using water when washing dishes by hand.
Residential
Resiilential Toilets
Educational programs have encouraged the purchase of ultra-low flush (1.6gallons per flush) toilets. Statelaw required new homes to have ultra-low flush toilets beginning in1.992. After ]anuary'1,l994,statelaw will require that only ultra-low flush toilets be sold or installed in California. A rebateprogram in most areas provides $75 to individuals replacing a standard flush toilet (7 gallons per flush) with an ultra-low flush toilet.
ffi
encourage minimal water use on landscaping. New developments arerequired to install dual piping systemsfor landscaping where reclaimed water is expected to become available. Water audits for high use consumers are planned. Xeriscape concepts are emphasized and classes are offered to home owners.
ffig% '
Reside.ntiat
taucet use -Cooking anil Cleaning
Conservation education explains how to conserve. State law has required aerators in homes and multi-family units constructedsince 1980.
San Association, Diego Catilornia Landscape Contractors
luly L9939
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-
DO? CAN MEMBERS WHAT CLCA
Water is critical to the future of CLCA and to the life we have come Water to enjoy here in SanDiego. The future of water is up to all of us - as :o enjc CLCA membersand as citizens.Here'swhat you can do to assurea ILCA green future for SanDiego: ;reen 1. Know your water facts!This document was prepared to give you 1.Kno a head start in that regard. l Certified 2. Becomecertified in irrigation through the association's 2.Bec< Technician Program so you know how to save the Landscape maximum amount of water for your clients. ]. Make sure your clients are using water-wise practices. 1.Get to know the membersof your local water board. Give them a is coPyof this document as a way of showing what your association :opy ( doing to stay educatedabout water. Joing i. Get involved with CLCA's volunteer committees- especiallythe water committee. 6.Asktobe put ontheSanDieqoCountyWaterAuthority'smailing 5. fist for newslettersand informAtion. CLII297-321'8.
THE CALIFORNIA LANDSCAPE CONTRACTORS ASSoCtATtoN
CLCA is the nation's oldest and largest organization of licensed landscape and irrigation contractors. Also included in its membership are landscape architects, landscape suppliers, educators,public employeesand students.
1516W. RedwoodSt. Suite 106 SanDiego,CA 92101 298-9't52 rc1,9)
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CLCA
PRICE WATER OF THE
to costs as of sources supply comparedcunent of Estimated ofnew cost (in$/Acre Feet). MWD suPplies
of Source Supply
Cost Cost Cost Estimated Estimated Estimated TotalCost toDeliver Deliver toDevelop to Dtego t0Consumer orPurchase toSan
::.- #-)
$615-$700' $8S Water Transfers $100-$200 $700-$800 '? 0 forlrrigation $300 Reclamation ' a 0 toPotable Unknown Reclamation Desalination $1000'$16000 Seawater NA for Water lrrigation NA Gray 5 0 0 Conservation
MWD Future Supplies
$200 $200
$900-$985 $1000-$1200
Thanks to the San Diego County Water AuthoritY for underwritingtheprinting of this document.
$600'$900 $900'$1200 Unknown $200 $200-$400 $1200-$2000 Varies Varies
$47-$447 $47-$447
L
proiected water MWD rates. 1 Represents costs. facility MWD SDCWA expansion 2 Includes and users. bysewer as 3 Cost subsidized 6. text not see 4 Cunently legal, previous onpage consumer etc. cost, incentives, toilet for 5 Cost education, replacement 10 luly1993
\st
Son Diego Qounly Woter AurhofiIy CA 1 Avenue, Diego, 92103 San 321Fifth (619) 297-3399
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ContractorsAssociation,Srn Dirgo California Landscape
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